alexd wrote, on Sat, 06 Sep 2014 16:19:51 +0100:
Thank you very much for that detailed analysis!
I never would have, on my own, been able to conclude that. It's interesting that vpnoneclick splits the Internet into two halves, for example, as that's not intuitive.
Here is the free VPN solution that I was/am using: http://216.185.105.35/vpnoneclick/
It is interesting that "B" even exists, but, a clue that it does may be that when I "kill -9" the VPN process, instantly I am back to my old ISP static IP address when I immediately issue an "inxi -i" command.
This reversion back to the old routes is so fast, that I don't think the network manager is all that involved.
After rebooting, here is the route before running the VPN command:
$ route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 wlan0 This is your original default route. 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 9 0 0 wlan0 This is a route to your LAN out of wlan0.After running the vpn initialization command, here is the route: $ gksudo vpn1click & $ route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 10.43.0.209 128.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 tun0 This covers a destination of 0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.254. This is the 1st half of the Internet split by the VPN provider. 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 wlan0 This is your original default route. 10.43.0.1 10.43.0.209 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 tun0 Unsure what the significance of this is. 10.43.0.209 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 tun0 This means that 10.43.0.209 can be reached by a packet out of tun0. 198.143.153.42 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 wlan0 108.178.54.10 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 wlan0 These two are static routes added by the VPN client software. The only traffic that doesn't traverse tun0 is traffic to these two IP addresses. 128.0.0.0 10.43.0.209 128.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 tun0 This covers a destination of 128.0.0.0.1 to 255.255.255.254. This is the 2nd half of the Internet split by the VPN provider. 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 9 0 0 wlan0 This is a route to your LAN out of wlan0.Then, when I kill the vpn, here's the route:
$ ps -elfww|grep vpn
0 S usr 3170 1701 0 80 0 - 58576 hrtime 13:15 pts/0 00:00:01 gksudo vpn1click 4 S root 3175 3170 0 80 0 - 17214 poll_s 13:15 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/sudo -H -S -p GNOME_SUDO_PASS -u root -- vpn1click 4 S root 3176 3175 2 80 0 - 36051 poll_s 13:15 ? 00:00:16 vpn1click 5 S root 3331 1701 0 80 0 - 8266 poll_s 13:15 ? 00:00:05 /usr/sbin/openvpn --config /etc/vpnoneclick/client.ovpn --daemon$ sudo kill -9 3170 3175 3176 3331 $ route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 wlan0 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 9 0 0 wlan0 198.143.153.42 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 wlan0I notice that the VPN server of "198.143.153.42" is *still* in the route. Any insight into these results is appreciated!