I suggested that the ethernet switch *AT MIDPOINT* act as a repeater. That would be only 135 meters, which is over the 100 meter specification, but should work for light loads of a few watts. If you want to follow the rules exactly, then two repeaters, powered from each end via 802.3AF PoE arranged with:
100 meters PoE Ethernet 75 meters PoE Ethernet 100 meters CAT5 switch CAT5 switch CAT5This way, the cable run between the PoE injector and the PoE Ethernet switch is 100 meters.
The problem is that I can't fine a cheap ethernet switch that is suitable for doing this. I found repeaters and media converters, but they're not PoE powered. I also found switches that will run PoE devices, but cannot be powered by PoE. I'm sure they exist, but I can't seem to find any.
As for calcs, I'm sure I can make this work without using the offical
802.3af specifications and hardware. You want calcs so I'll just run off a sample. However, I have to make an assumption on the power and dissipation of the ethernet switch at midpoint. I'll guess 12VDC at 0.5A.CAT5 is 3 ohms per 100ft per conductor. 135 meters (443ft), is therefore 13.3 ohms per conductor. The extra four wires are usually doubled up, and the loop resistance is twice the per conductor resistance. Therefore, the loop resistance is 13.3 ohms.
So, the question is how much voltage is required to drive a load that wants to see 12VDC at 0.5A through a resitance of 13.3 ohms. The current is 0.5 through both the 13.3 ohms and the load. Therefore, the voltage drop across the 13.3 ohms is: E = 13.3ohms * 0.5A = 6.6 volts Add that to the required 12V at the load and we have an input voltage of: E = 6.6v + 12V = 18.6VDC That's not too outrageous. The problem is that the 13.3 ohm CAT5 resistance is going to vary somewhat. It makes sense to use a voltage regulator in this application (if the ethernet switch doesn't already have one inside). So, the input voltage will need to be increased for the required forward voltage drop in the analog regulator which is perhaps 5VDC. So, 24VDC should do the trick.
Of course, different switches will require different voltages and currents, so the numbers will vary substantially. This just demontrates that it is possible to run a cheap ethernet switch via CAT5 without PoE. Just remember to use a fuse.