If a system passes the Turing test, does it deserve the same rights > as a human being?
No, because the Turing test is arbitrary and rather silly. It is not based on any real theory of what consciousness is. ELIZA passed a Turing test of sorts. Turing meant it only as a minimum threshold.
If so, what about people who do not pass the Turing test? Do they
> deserve the rights they currently have?
> As Eliza always said, "Tell me more about the Turing test."
ELIZA is a better conversationalist than some people at parties!