Re: [telecom] GM/NCL conspiracy against streetcars?

Oct 18, 2009 8 Replies

In a message dated 10/18/2009 11:41:24 AM Central Daylight Time, snipped-for-privacy@bbs.cpcn.com writes:



On Oct 17, 6:49 pm, Thad Floryan wrote:


> Both gentlemen told me in the early 1950s that GM was behind the
>> push to eliminate streetcars in favor of diesel buses. Now that's
>> almost 60 years ago they said that during normal conversation,
>> neither gentleman had any axes to grind, and they had no reason >> to lie to me.
>
> This is true.
>
> Baltimore was one of the cities NCL took over and converted to
> buses. I believe there's a book, "Who made our streetcars go?"
> documenting this.
>
> In 1974, with the country facing jam packed roads and an oil
> shortage, the mayors of both San Francisco and Los Angeles pointed
> out that NCL had taken over key streetcar routes in their cities
> (Key System in SF) and converted them to buses, contributing to the > mess.
>
> As mentioned, NCL converted streetcars to buses in Philadelphia. >
> Now, NCL was not the only reason streetcars lost favor, there were
> other reasons, too. Nor would I call it a "conspiracy", rather, it
> was a business decision by automotive makers to vertically integrate
> to sell more of their products. >
>
> None the less, the actions of NCL were not in the nation's long term
> interest. The LA and SF mayors testified in detail before Congress
> of the problems that resutled.
>
> As to commuter trains, high taxes assessed on them while roads had
> no taxes certainly was a very significant factor. When commuter
> trains first got into difficulty, the NYT did a study of the issue
> and noted [the] very heavy burden; back then, the commuter lines
> serving New York City were paying about a billion dollars in
> property taxes (in today's dollars). That's quite a hefty sum,
> especially when the competition is paying zero. The NYT also found
> that local towns were not about to cede the railroads any tax
> relief.
>
> ***** Moderator's Note *****
>
> The more I think about it, the less sure I am that this is a valid
> comparison. Railroads, as private corporations, are expected to pay
> taxes: public roads are paid for by the taxpayers, and while they
> don't generate any tax revenue while idle, the vehicles that use
> them pay exorbitant taxes: everything from levies on fuel to excises
> to "sales and use" taxes (which are 5% of "Blue Book" value in my > state).
>
> IMHO, pointing to a lack of taxes on roads, (which are, as public
> property, exempt) isn't an effective argument at a macroeconomic
> level. Railroads faded from prominence because they are too
> efficient, i.e., because selling, fixing, fueling, and taxing
> automobiles and trucks is both easier and more profitable than
> convincing the public to suffer the indignity of sitting next to
> someone who likes a different kind of newspaper than you do or wears
> different clothes.
>
> Despite the barriers placed on them, some commuter rail systems
> continue to do well: with the economy down, suburban car owners are
> realizing that all the "little" costs of owning a car add up to a
> _lot_ more than the cost of a rail pass.
>
> FWIW. YMMV (No pun intended).
>
> Bill Horne
> Moderator

Most street car systems were unable to pay the massive costs of maintaining their trackage and cars. As a result, many, perhaps most, of them were in very poor condition. Too, the public didn't like them for two reasons: first, because they were perceived as an impediment to traffic with their embedded paths, and secondly, many people did not find it desirable to sit next to anybody, same newspaper or same wardrobe styles or not. Also an automobile can go when you want to and make stops along the way for useful (or not useful) purposes as desired by the drivers or riders. Taking the same street car or bus or interurban day after day is the epitome of being in a rut. In many cases, the reason for the routes changed their character, and the cost of building new routes to areas newly needing service was prohibitive. Buses could move flexibly to new routes with no great trouble. As an example of routes needing maintenance I can cite the Oklahoma Railway Company interurban between Oklahoma City and Norman, which I rode many times. As you went over most trestles or bridges you could feel them subsiding under the weight of the car as it passed over. They company had no money to replace the tracks and bridges. The ORC (which by this time carried so little carload freight as to be insignificant, was bought by the City Bus Company, which was owned by the same local interests as three thriving intercity bus companies. Soon they could see their was no profit in the future for their interurban lines, and converted them to buses. The city street car lines went in a couple of more years for lack of passengers, and they were converted to buses. The City Bus Company soon had to be rescued by the city partly with federal money and it now operates the city buses. There are [rumblings] now to get the citizens to vote a bond issue to study light rail and commuter rail. Wes Leatherock snipped-for-privacy@aol.com snipped-for-privacy@yahoo.com

A few years ago I was working in the Portland/Beaverton Or. area, the seemed to have a nice Light Rail, I wonder how it is doing?

Streetcars do require a critical mass of passengers. But when they carry enough riders they certainly are able to maintain their physical plant, as did Philadelphia.

Unfortunately, municipalities dumped all sorts of franchise fees and extra costs on streetcar companies, like being responsible to pave and maintain the streets that their tracks were on, even though that meant private autos got the benefit, as well as taxes on track.

Another factor killing many systems was the Depression.

Converting to buses eliminated those heavy fees and served as a motivator to convert.

In some cases, a streetcar company wanted to convert or abandon a low patronage route but the municipality ordered it maintained. Or the municipality ordered unreasonably low fares.

Stupid public policy--greediness in the short run--helped hurt public transit overall.

But in places where quality transit was offered--to this day--the public makes good use of it.

And buses were utilized when appropriate.

Not sure what this has to do with telecom, but I'm a transit geek, so...

I agree that most streetcar systems were losing money by the 1950s. In fact, San Francisco had 7 private transit systems and the Muni (city owned) system. By 1943 it was down to 2 private (the Market Street Railway or MSRy (pronounced "misery") and Cal Cable, operator of the California Street cable car line.

In 1943 the Muni bought the larger MSRy. By 1950 they bought Cal Cable. MSRy was losing money hand over fist and Cal Cable couldn't buy liability insurance.

And this is SF, a place with a dense population concentration that makes public transit a very inviting mode. In the suburbs private mass transit has been impossible since the late 40s when people began to buy cars.

In the Oakland area, the Roger Rabbit scenario was done once again. The Key System was one of those systems bought by the GM/Firestone/Standard Oil consortium/conspiracy. They removed the streetcar tracks, put in buses, and then a few years later pretty much gave the system to a newly formed transit district. It is now known as AC Transit.

It's become very popular, but Portland has also made a concerted effort to make its downtown very desirable both as a place to play and to live as well as work. Portland's current rail incarnation was first built in the 1980s and was immediately popular.

The city tries to put every event that it can on the waterfront or somewhere downtown. It seems that every weekend there is something of size going on. Plus, Portland has a very walkable downtown.

And if you peruse the Transit 2020 plans for RI, the Rhode Island Public Transit Authority is getting some new things.

1) Bus Rapid Transit 2) Branding of bus lines 3) Spreading of transit hubs to parts of the city that are underserved. 4) Streetcar routes to the medical and educational hubs. Convenient for me since I live between the two.

They're in the process of getting the funding for the streetcar system now. It's a pit, until 1948 RI in general had a very widespread streetcar system.

If you look at the trolley hub in downtown Providence they have a short history of how in 1948 buses replaced the streetcars. And they're still smarting over that decision.

The Key System operated a high tech automated train system over the Oakland Bay Bridge. This was shutdown in the late 1950s when the Key System was converted to buses.

I've seen the film about the Key System and it didn't look very automated to me. Sure, there were block signals showing up on a display board, but the man at the control center was phoning (hey, a telecom issue!) various people to get clearance, etc.

The section over the key bridge had automatic speed indications displayed in the cab. For 1939 it was pretty slick.

The logic using relays to control information processing, tabulating machines, railroad junctions and telephone switches was quite sophisticated by the 1930s. That was a foundation for subsequent electronic computer circuitry development.

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