How a Telephone Works

Sep 13, 2005 0 Replies

Though I am in the telecommunications field ( software side) I am a bit confused about how everything works, though I have a high level overview. So I am stating my undestanding, so that someone can correct or fill up the gaps.


  1. Each home suscriber has a twisted copper pair that runs from his telephone to a cable containg thousands (why no multiplexing here and send it through a single wire??) thousands of such pairs; to the local excahnge or the central office.


  1. In the central office there is a hardware equipment (LTG ??) which has a lot of ports, to one of which the copper pair that runs from the suscribers telephone is plugged in.



(I hope I am correct here.)


  1. The central office is connected to the tandem office via trunks which I hope are a thick co-axial cable or optical fiber through which multiplexed traffic from various CO flows.

Also there is a seperate cable for SS7 siganlling, connecting various CO to TO .



There is also a switch at the tandem office.


  1. Now if a suscriber dials a number, the DTMF tones are resceived at the CO which has a directory (databse ???) look up. It finds that this number is at antother exchange and sends a SS7 signal to that . From there how is the trunk reserved ????


  1. Also how is the incoming call from a modem and telephone distinguished at the CO. Or does the modem also dial DTMF signals???



I hope someone can answer my questions.


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