Calculating propagation delay & transmission delay

sounds like homework - but a working engineer rule of thumb (which you probably wouldnt get marks for):

propagation delay is "how long to get a signal from A to B" - often applied to high speed links (in my case almost always fibre). limited by speed of light or other signal in the medium.

often this isnt as easy as measuring on a map - you dont know the route, and a modern DWDM system may have a fair bit of extra compensation fibre compared to geographic route distance.

Also need the right "speed" - speed of light in fibre is approx 2/3 of vacuum.

transmission delay is "how long to get there" - propagation delay + delays in equipment + other relevant delay, such a Q'ing and serialisation.

both terms really are context dependent.

there isnt one - in a network they are independent variables.

if you are discussing a "connection" using something like TCP, then the protocol has constraints driven by available bandwidth and end to end round trip delay.