Yes, there are now USB adapters with antenna jacks availible. They have their built in antenna plus the possibility for external makes them useful for even very long range connections. It all depends on the antenna.
No antenna cable required or desired. That's the great advantage of USB or ethernet wireless adapters. Antenna cables lose signal strength. Don't use them if possible to avoid and if you do, make sure it's very short.
IWhenever possible, extend the USB cable, and put the radio right where you want the antenna to be.
Here's a link for a complete setups with USB adapter antenna and sometimes a cable. The antenna cables they use are somewhat low loss so not too bad. I cannot recommend the brand, have not tried them, but this will show you some options.
Personally, I have not have any luck with homemade dish antennas on USB adapters.
That's why I prefer a USB adapter with an external antenna connector. A simple omni antenna will give a noticable improvement over the built in antenna, but you want to optimize your connection, then get a directional antenna. Be careful if it comes with it's own cable, because again, these lose signal quality. Short cables as a rule...
Here's a couple of inexpensive antennas (N connectors require adapter to RP-SMA) :
The Hawking USB adapter /dish antenna that was recommended is probably a good option also. Might be easiest just to get one of those and an extension cable. It's not as flexible as being able to use any antenna you want, but should be fine for most situations.
To sum up, get a Hawking USB adapter with the dish, or else a USB with external antenna adapter. You can buy a kit with antenna from company above or buy the devices separately and maybe adapt the antenna to the USB connector.
If it does not reach where you want the antenna, get a USB extension cable as linked above.
Hope all this helps and does not confuse.
Steve