Well -- There are a few factors. First off, I'm going to assume we're only talking the same USB connector, there are both 4-pin and 5-pin versions of the typical mini-B connector.
USB male-A
The USB spec requires 5.0vdc +/-0.25v (or +/-5%) -- So your Motorola V195 charger isn't within spec.
The USB spec puts out a maximum of 500mA power. However, there is no harm in providing more mA then required as long as the voltage is regulated to stay within spec under higher load.
In other words, the other power supplies are within spec.
Also note that many devices can accept a wide range of voltages. I definitely wouldn't recommend experimenting, you may fry equipment if you go too high, or batteries if you charge a LiON too low, but it's not uncommon for equipment to be able to accept a much wider range then is printed on the device (largely to enable them to charge from a PC)
Sure ... Read on though, I'll explain why :)
Yes -- They're supplying power via USB, therefore they are power supplies with a USB end.
I think the problem, ultimately, is that there isn't a clearly defined spec for USB as a power supply independent of USB as a data cable that happens to provide a bit of power.
Besides a data link, USB provides 5 +/- 0.25 volts to power an otherwise unpowered device or charge a battery in a self powered device. A USB controller or hub is required to power one unit load (100 mA, a low power load).
It can optionally power up to 5 unit loads (500 mA, a high power load). The spec is silent about intermediate loads, so I assume that the sources deal with just the two cases. Either a load is low power (like a keyboard or a mouse) or high power (like an iPod or PDA).
A device cannot assume that 500 mA is available until it gets permission, when you're talking to a computer this is done over the data connection. In general, the way devices will handle this is to only draw 100 mA (which is typically enough to run, but not to charge a battery), link up, and once the driver is installed, ask the driver for permission, then switch up to the 500 mA (or higher in many cases) mode.
In practice, with modern USB ports in desktops, and powered hubs, you can pretty safely draw well over 100 mA without asking, and over 500 mA with permission. However, this will actually overload some computers (especially older laptops that were built to spec and not a penny over, meaning that there was no current overload protection)
So what do you do when you hit a USB charger? Well, per the spec, only
100mA can be drawn safely, which means no charging batteries.One option would be to provide a second charger port, using the USB port only for data and for charging when a PC was attached and using the separate power connector as a safe charging port. However, this would incur additional costs, and is an additional component to get damaged.
Another option, the one most well designed hardware uses, is to have some way for the charger to identify itself to the device, giving the device permission to safely draw more current.
The third option, the one many cheap "use your USB ports to charge your device" works is to simply assume higher power capabilities are present and charge.
So, in the real world, what does this mean? Well, take my Treo 650. It went with solution #1, it has separate data and charge connectors (well, it's all one custom adapter, but you can connect a data and power cable at the same time) -- As a result, it cannot USB charge directly. So now some aftermarket company comes out with a cable that uses technique #3, it just hot-wires the Palm's 5V in to my USB power and chargers. Works great, although it potentially draws too much current.
The Motorola Razr is a case of #2, it will only charge if it has permission (drivers installed, or it detects a dedicated charger)
Another example is my MP3 player, a Zen Micro ... This is the ultimate choice, as far as I'm concerned -- It uses solution #2, which means it won't overload a PC with an underpowered USB port. However, if you switch the controls to "Lock", it will charge if there is power but no driver connection -- This means I can charge off of any USB power adapter if I want to force the issue, but when communicating with a PC, it will only charge if authorized.
Now, with all that being said, I've yet to see a device capable of charging off of USB that my Motorola Razr chargers won't power, so as a result I've bought several of these on eBay (You can get genuine Motorola ones for ~$10 on eBay on a good day), and haven't ever had an issue.
Whew, hope that post wasn't too long :)
Going to war over religion is fighting to see who's got the better imaginary friend.